结核分枝杆菌为细长略带弯曲的杆菌，大小1～4X0.4μm。牛分枝杆菌则比较粗短。分枝杆菌属的细菌细胞壁脂质含量较高，约占干重的60%，特别是有大量 分枝菌酸（mycolic acid）包围在肽聚糖层的外面，可影响染料的穿入。分枝杆菌一般用齐尼（Ziehl- Neelsen）抗酸染色法，以5% 石炭酸复红加温染色后可以染上，但用3%盐酸乙醇不易脱色。若再加用美蓝复染，则分枝杆菌呈红色，而其他细菌和背景中的物质为蓝色。本菌无芽孢、无鞭毛。
本菌为专性需氧菌,在元氧条件下迅速死亡。为兼性细胞内寄生菌,在细胞内外均可发育繁殖,强毒菌株可长期生存于巨噬细胞内。生长条件37℃,pH6.4-7.0。具有强的疏水性,菌落不易乳化于水及生理盐水。 繁殖周期较多数细菌长,在最佳培养基上至少14-15h繁殖一代。群体生长于以鸡蛋为基础的固体培养基上,初次分离需4-8周,次代培养仍需2-4周。营养要求尤高,需要卵黄、血液、马铃薯淀粉等有机物质,碳、氮、磷、钾、镁、铁等无机盐类以及氨基酸、菸酸、核黄素等。
美国ATCC菌种结核菌分枝杆菌最适温度为37℃，低于30℃不生长。结核分枝杆菌细胞壁的脂质含量较高，影响营养物质的吸收，故生长缓慢。在一般培养基中每分裂1代需时18～24小时，营养丰富时只需5小时。
初次分离需要营养丰富的培养基。常用的有罗氏（Lowenstein-Jensen）固体培养基，内含蛋黄、甘油、马铃薯、无机盐和孔雀绿等。孔雀绿可抑制杂菌生长，便于分离和长期培养。蛋黄含脂质生长因子，能刺激生长。根据接种菌多少，一般2～4周可见菌落生长。菌落呈颗粒、结节或花菜状，乳白色或米黄色，不透明。在液体培养基中可能由于接触营养面大，细菌生长较为迅速。一般1～2周即可生长。临床标本检查液体培养比固体培养的阳性率高数倍。
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Zopf) Lehmann and Neumann 拉丁名
(ATCC 25177?) 菌株编号
Strain Designations H37Ra Application Media testing Susceptibility testing Emerging infectious disease research Respiratory research
Biosafety Level 生物安全等级 2
Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country.
Product Format 提供形式 frozen
Storage Conditions 保藏方法
Frozen（冷冻物）: -80℃ or colder
Freeze-Dried（冻干物）: 2℃ to 8℃
Live Culture（活菌）: See Propagation Section
Disclosure This material is cited in a US or other Patent and may not be used to infringe the claims.
Depending on the wishes of the Depositor, ATCC may be required to inform the Patent Depositor of the party to which the material was furnished. This material may not have been produced or characterized by ATCC.
Preceptrol? no
Genome Sequenced Strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, complete genome.
Type Strain 模式菌株 no
Comments 注释 Attenuated Genome sequenced strain
Medium 培养基
ATCC? Medium 1395: Middlebrook 7H9 broth with ADC enrichment
ATCC? Medium 173: Middlebrook 7H10 agar with Middlebrook OADC enrichment
ATCC? Medium 90: Lowenstein Jenson medium
Growth Conditions 生长条件
Temperature 培养温度: 37℃ Atmosphere: Aerobic